The American Dream Truly Attainable For Everyone - 2601 Words

America, the country where social and economic equality are supposedly attainable for one and all, is not always infallible. There have been many blunders along the way with racism and incompetence. Is the American Dream truly attainable for everyone? Picture the 1940’s America. A tight knit Japanese American family living on the west coast, is going about their business, making a living and trying to achieve their version of the American Dream. While the parents are immigrants from Japan, the children were all born in the U.S. The parents and older children have jobs and work hard to afford a nice suburban life, while the younger children go to school to learn to be good citizens. They go about their business, never bothering anyone and have adapted to the American lifestyle. As they are working to achieve their dreams, the world and devastation of war cut their dreams short, forcing them into devastating conditions and choices no one should have to make. Families are split a part and the Japanese Americans are now looked at as the enemy. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese and the signing of the Executive Order 9066 sent over 100,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps, many times tragically changing their definition of America and the American Dream. The novel, Farewell To Manzanar, by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and her husband James, is an autobiographical account of Jeanne’s internment experiences and feelings as a young girl at the Manzanar Internment Camp. ThisShow MoreRelatedIs The American Dream Attainable?976 Words   |  4 Pagesall work towards acquiring one thing: The American Dream. The American Dream is something that most citizens of America try their hardest to attain at least some point in their life time. This dream may include but is not limited to, wanting to reach a certain social class, having a safe country with strong military forces, and also wanting to â€Å"fit in†, or to find his or her’s place in life. Also, this dream may or may not look similar to the American dream you want to inquire. While most of us desireRead MoreMarxs Dream And The American Dream706 Words   |  3 PagesMarx’s Dream It all started with a dream, the â€Å"American Dream†. When first thought of, the â€Å"American Dream† was the idea of freedom and equality that America offered, as well as the concept that working hard can lead to success by anyone. The â€Å"American Dream† has since shifted to the idea that you can have it all, from a house to a well paying job that can support your family. However, the â€Å"Dream† is centered around private property and capital, and through Marx’s eyes, that is where it is flawedRead MoreNickel And Dimed, By Barbara Ehrenreich1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe concept of the American Dream has borne change since its conception in 1776, with the Declaration of Independence referencing men’s unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Its definition to the American people and its attainability is conditional upon the period it is prevalent in. In general, the American Dream refers to the idea that e very American has the equality, freedom, and opportunity to strive. Many classic pieces of American Literature highlight this conceptRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream Lives On Since 1776, the â€Å"American Dream† has continued to evolve. Originally, our forefathers intended the American Dream to be a country where individuals were free from the tyranny of royalty and nobility, working as a part of a whole, making everyone comfortable and happy - all men created equal with equal opportunity. Over the years, this original intent has continued to change. In 1931, James Truslow Adams stated that the American Dream means that, â€Å"life should be betterRead MoreThe American Dream1612 Words   |  7 Pagesof the American Dream appears to be tested, especially during Hughes time period. Although the American Dream will always be around, that does not mean there will not be times of disbelief, a power race or even grab, nor a call to action to restore the American Dream. The American Dream means different things to different people, but Hughes tries to make it universal in a sense. The speaker starts out by trying to explain what his vision of the American dream is, Let America be the dream the dreamersRead MoreThe American Dream In Jeannette Wallss The Glass Castle1519 Words   |  7 Pagescall it the American Dream, because you have to be asleep to believe it.† Financial security, freedom to live how one chooses, retiring at 65 and living comfortably in old age, owning a home, knowing that working hard pays off: these are all fundamental beliefs tied to the American Dream. As newer generations are increasingly finding the dream to be unrealistic, people are beginning to abandon the concept; however it is still a very present ideology. While many believe the American Dream is a livelyRead MoreEssay on The Great Gatsby: The Corruption of the American Dream1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream. In this book he stated â€Å"The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and once that phrase was written, The American Dream became what we truly know it as nowadays. It is the right of freedom, prosperity, equality and pursuit of happiness through hard work. However, The American Dream is an ironic concept seeing as it never seems fully attainable. AlthoughRead MorePoem : The American Dream1037 Words   |  5 Pages What is the American Dream?-- The idea that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. The American Dream is defined as someone starting low on the economic or social level, and working hard towards prosperity and or wealth and fame. It also represents that people, no matter who he or she is, can become successful in life by his or her own work. The desire to strive for what one wants can be accomplishedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays many different types of symbolism in many unique700 Words   |  3 Pagesamount of symbolism. Symbolism is portrayed through colors in this book chosen by F. Scott Fitzgerald, how yellow represents death and corruption, white represents false purity, and green represents things that are uneasily attainable. Jay Gatsby had his own American Dream and in his eyes he could only achieve that by repeating his past. His past consisted of being with his one true love Daisy Buchanan. Daisy lived across the bay in East Egg purposely across the way from Gatsbys home. OutsideRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Creating Sympathy for Macbeth Essay example804 Words   |  4 Pagesfact that Macbeth sees his ultimate goal, his childhood dream, as an attainable thing that he simply must reach out and take should serve to evoke some sympathy from the audience. I have no spur / To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself / And falls on the other- (I vii 25). Failing to act now would only be a show of Macbeths cowardice and failings. Everyone has an ultimate goal; not everyone gets the chance to attempt to reach it, and fewer still actually

Book Report Satan Closed The Door - 1348 Words

Satan closed the door to the dungeon behind him, ignoring the incessant, pleading screams of his youngest son. He walked with cold, calculated steps up the stairs to the less truthful, upper floors of the castle. Such a stunning palace, the epitome of beauty amongst the red wastes of his realm. Within the walls of the palace not a single speck of red could be found. Not one single flower, or fabric, or smudge of dirt. Even Iblis, the king of fire, who loved the color so, was not allowed it. Even his flames had been beaten into submission until they only burned a bright orange and a low yellow. Satan hated the color red. Even after all these years. He only permitted it in blood. He wiped the blood from his claws on his tunic, not caring if it looked uncouth, as he walked briskly down the hall. He had not yet decided how long he would leave Amaimon to the dungeons. In fact it was the last thing on his mind right now. He didn t have time for such trivial matters, not when he could feel that familiar feeling crawling up his spine. Even after all these years. Submission. Powerlessness. So many years had passed...and yet, he was always there. He had warned him then, warned that theses shackles would never loosen, would never fade. He had sneered and said he was foolish to think they ever would. To think he would ever be free. ....he had been right... Satan walked to his chambers, his pace quickening just a little bit. He needed council, and not the kind he got from theShow MoreRelatedShort Story9111 Words   |  37 Pagessidekick over there happens to be Satan. If we try to take them on, we’ll be dead before the flight attendant has a chance to say ‘Welcome to Pakistan.’† Dave’s stomach gurgled and twisted. The words that had been running through his brain were finally spoken by Nik. â€Å"I guess what I’m trying to say is we need help. You need to call that CIA guy.† As if tapping into the other voice in Dave’s head, Reya barked back, â€Å"No. We have information the CIA wants. They need to make the next move, not us.†Read MoreLiberty University Bibl 323 John Module 5 Notes Essay examples11938 Words   |  48 Pageslivestock. There were two kinds of rustlers. klepts – thief – those who steal by means of a plan, usually a sneak thief. We get kleptomaniac from this word. leistes – robber – use violence to accomplish their end, i.e., a common mugger. Not door but gate – an opening way. The shepherds would gather their flocks into an enclosed area at night for their protection. The shepherd would sleep across the gate to protect his sheep. In the morning, the shepherds led their sheep out through theRead MoreUshering in Church17462 Words   |  70 Pagesout the desires and instructions of the pastor through the power of the Holy Spirit. Remember the biblical account in Acts regarding the disciples’ search for men to serve tables: Wherefore, brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report, full of the Holy Ghost and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business. But we will give ourselves continually to prayer, and to the ministry of the word. And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faithRead MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 Pagesperson had a part in the story of this cafà © -- he was the former husband of Miss Amelia, a terrible character who returned to the town after a long term in the penitentiary, caused ruin, and then went on his way again. The cafà © has long since been closed, but it is still remembered. The place was not always a cafà ©. Miss Amelia inherited the building from her father, and it was a store that carried mostly feed, guano, and staples such as meal and snuff. Miss Amelia was rich. In addition to theRead MoreActive Shooter7891 Words   |  32 Pageswithin schools should be encouraged to facilitate good rapport with students. Monitors should be trained on the different types of violence likely to occur in the school; what behavior to look for in potential perpetrators; and how to document and report concerning behaviors. The number of monitors used should be based on the number of students, the extent of problems at the school, and the space and layout of school grounds. 4. Develop and enforce restrictions about student loitering in parkingRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesexperience outside the limitations of the story itself. Authors assume that the readers will recognize the original sources and relate their meaning to the new context. †¢ Brightness falls from the air/ Queens have died young and fair/Dust hath closed Helen’s eye. -from Thomas Nashe’s â€Å"Litany in Time of Plague;† refers to Helen of Troy. 4. alter ego: A literary character or narrator who is a thinly disguised representation of the author, poet, or playwright creating a work. 5. anaphora: repetitionRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical ReasoningRead MoreCissp Study Guide67657 Words   |  271 Pagesresources? .co QUESTION NO: 15 m ISC CISSP: Practice Exam A. ) Be a function within the information systems functions of an organization B. ) Report directly to a specialized business unit such as legal, corporate security or insurance C. ) Be lead by a Chief Security Officer and report directly to the CEO D. ) Be independent but report to the Information Systems function Answer: C QUESTION NO: 18 Which of the following embodies all the detailed actions that personnel are required toRead MoreThe Censorship of Art Essay example14698 Words   |  59 Pagesshowed several pictures of heavy metal artists and album covers, and pointed out sexual and violent themes in various (mostly heavy metal) song lyrics (newspaper and magazine articles as well as lyrics of some rock songs are enclosed in the senate report). Senator Exon responded favorably to you ladies for coming here and testifying on the concerns which you have (p.49), but also wondered what the reason was for the hearings when there was no call for regulation: can anyone answer that? I did not

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 21-23 Free Essays

21 AUGUSTUS BRINE â€Å"I found them. The car is parked in front of Jenny Masterson’s house.† Augustus Brine stormed into the house carrying a grocery bag in each arm. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 21-23 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gian Hen Gian was in the kitchen pouring salt from a round, blue box into a pitcher of Koolaid. Brine set the bags down on the hearth. â€Å"Help me bring some of this stuff in. There’s more bags in the truck.† The genie walked to the fireplace and looked in the bags. One was filled with dry-cell batteries and spools of wire. The other was full of brown cardboard cylinders about four inches long and an inch in diameter. Gian Hen Gian took one of the cylinders out of the bag and held it up. A green, waterproof fuse extended from one end. â€Å"What are these?† â€Å"Seal bombs,† Brine said. â€Å"The Department of Fish and Game distributes them to fishermen to scare seals away from their lines and nets. I had a bunch at the store.† â€Å"Explosives are useless against the demon.† â€Å"There are five more bags in the truck. Would you bring them in, please?† Brine began to lay the seal bombs out in a line on the hearth. â€Å"I don’t know how much time we have.† â€Å"What am I, some scrounging servant? Am I a beast of burden? Should I, Gian Hen Gian, king of the Djinn, be reduced to bearing loads for an ignorant mortal who would attack a demon from hell with firecrackers?† â€Å"O King,† Brine said, exasperated, â€Å"please bring in the goddamn bags so I can finish this before dawn.† â€Å"It is useless.† â€Å"I’m not going to try to blow him up. I just want to know where he is. Unless you can use your great power to restrain him, O King of the Djinn.† â€Å"You know I cannot.† â€Å"The bags!† â€Å"You are a stupid, mean-spirited man, Augustus Brine. I’ve seen more intelligence in the crotch lice of harem whores.† The genie walked out the door and his diatribe faded into the night. Brine was methodically wrapping the fuses of the seal bombs with thin monofilament silver wire designed to heat up when a current was applied. It was an inexact method of detonation, but Brine had no access to blasting caps at this hour of the morning. The genie returned in a moment carrying two grocery bags. â€Å"Put them on the chairs.† Brine gestured with his head. â€Å"These bags are filled with flour,† Gian Hen Gian said. â€Å"Are you going to bake bread, Augustus Brine?† 22 TRAVIS AND JENNY There was something about her that made Travis want to dump his life out on the coffee table like a pocket full of coins; let her sort through and keep what she wanted. If he was still here in the morning, he’d tell her about Catch, but not now. â€Å"Do you like traveling?† Jenny asked. â€Å"I’m getting tired of it. I could use a break.† She sipped from a glass of red wine and pulled her skirt down for the tenth time. There was still a neutral zone between them on the couch. She said, â€Å"You don’t seem like any insurance salesman I’ve ever known. I hope you don’t mind my saying, but usually insurance men dress in loud blazers and reek of cheap cologne. I’ve never met one that seemed sincere about anything.† â€Å"It’s a job.† Travis hoped she wouldn’t ask about the details of his job. He didn’t know a thing about insurance. He had decided on the career because Effrom Elliot had mistaken him for an insurance man that afternoon, so it was the first thing that came to mind. â€Å"When I was a kid, an insurance man came to our house to sell my father some life insurance,† Jenny said. â€Å"He gathered the family together in front of the fireplace and took our picture with a Polaroid camera. It was a nice picture. My father was standing at one side of us all, looking proud. As we were passing the picture around, the insurance man snatched the picture out of my father’s hands and said, ‘What a nice family.’ Then he ripped my father out of the picture and said, ‘Now what will they do?’ I burst into tears. My father was frightened.† Travis said: â€Å"I’m sorry, Jenny.† Perhaps he should have told her he was a brush salesman. Did she have any traumatic brush-salesman stories? â€Å"Do you do that, Travis? Do you frighten people for a living?† â€Å"What do you think?† â€Å"Like I said, you don’t seem like an insurance man.† â€Å"Jennifer, I need to tell you something†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It’s okay. I’m sorry, I got a little heavy on you. You do what you do. I never thought I’d be waiting tables at this age.† â€Å"What did you want to do? I mean, when you were a little girl, what did you want to be when you grew up?† â€Å"Honestly?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"I wanted to be a mom. I wanted to have a family and a man who loved me and a nice house. Pretty unambitious, huh?† â€Å"No, there’s nothing wrong with that. What happened?† She drained her wineglass and poured herself another from the bottle on the coffee table. â€Å"You can’t have a family alone.† â€Å"But?† â€Å"Travis, I don’t want to ruin the evening by talking more about my marriage. I’m trying to make some changes.† Travis let it go. She picked up his silence as understanding and brightened. â€Å"So, what did you want to do when you grew up?† â€Å"Honestly?† â€Å"Don’t tell me you wanted to be a housewife, too.† â€Å"When I was growing up that’s all any girl wanted to be.† â€Å"Where did you grow up, Siberia?† â€Å"Pennsylvania. I grew up on a farm.† â€Å"And what did the farm boy from Pennsylvania want to be when he grew up?† â€Å"A priest.† Jenny laughed. â€Å"I never knew anyone who wanted to be a priest. What did you do while the other boys were playing army, give last rights to the dead?† â€Å"No, it wasn’t like that. My mother always wanted me to be a priest. As soon as I was old enough, I went away to seminary. It didn’t work out.† â€Å"So you became an insurance man. I suppose that works. I read once that all religions and insurance companies are supported by the fear of death.† â€Å"That’s pretty cynical,† the demonkeeper said. â€Å"I’m sorry, Travis. I don’t have much faith in the concept of an all-powerful being that would glorify war and violence.† â€Å"You should.† â€Å"Are you trying to convert me?† â€Å"No, it’s just that I know, absolutely, that God exists.† â€Å"No one knows anything absolutely. I’m not without faith. I have my own beliefs, but I have my doubts, too.† â€Å"So did I.† â€Å"Did? What happened, did the Holy Spirit come to you in the night and say, ‘Go forth and sell insurance’?† â€Å"Something like that.† Travis forced a smile. â€Å"Travis, you are a very strange man.† â€Å"I really didn’t want to talk about religion.† â€Å"Good. I’ll tell you my beliefs in the morning. You’ll be quite shocked, I’m sure.† â€Å"I doubt that, I really do†¦ Did you say ‘in the morning’?† Jenny held her hand out to him. Inside she was unsure of what she was doing, but it seemed fine – at least it didn’t feel wrong. â€Å"Did I miss something?† Travis asked. â€Å"I thought you were angry with me.† â€Å"No, why would I be angry at you?† â€Å"Because of my faith.† â€Å"I think it’s cute.† â€Å"Cute? Cute! You think the Roman Catholic Church is cute? A hundred popes are rolling in their graves, Jenny.† â€Å"Good. They aren’t invited. Move over here.† â€Å"Are you sure?† he said. â€Å"You’ve had a lot of wine.† She was not sure at all, nevertheless she nodded to him. She was single, right? She liked him, right? Well, hell, it was started now. He slid down the couch to her side and took her in his arms. They kissed, awkwardly at first; he was too aware of himself and she was still wondering if she should have invited him in in the first place. He held her tighter and she arched her back and pushed against him and they both forgot their reservations. The world outside ceased to exist. When they finally broke the kiss, he buried his face in her hair and held her tight so she could not pull away and see the tears in his eyes. â€Å"Jenny,† he said softly, â€Å"it’s been a long time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She shushed him and dug her hands into his hair. â€Å"Everything will be fine. Just fine.† Perhaps it was because they were both afraid, or perhaps it was because they really didn’t know each other; it might even have been that by playing a role they would not have to face anything but the moment. The roles they played throughout the night changed. First, each gave when the other needed, and later, when need was no longer an issue, they played their roles out to felicity. It progressed thusly: she was the comforter, he the comforted; then he was the understanding counselor, she the confused confessor; she became the nurse, he the patient in traction; he took the role of the naive stable boy, she the seductive duchess; he was the drill sergeant, she the raw recruit; she was the cruel master, he the helpless slave girl. The small hours of the morning found them naked on the kitchen floor after Travis had played a rampaging Godzilla to Jennifer’s unsuspecting Tokyo. They were crouched over a cooking toaster oven, each with a table knife loaded with butter, poised like executioners waiting for the signal to drop their blades. They polished off a loaf of toast, a half-pound of butter, a quart of tofu ice cream, a box of whole wheat cream-sandwich cookies, a bag of unsalted blue corn chips, and an organically grown watermelon that gushed pink juice down their chins while they laughed. Stuffed, satisfied, and sticky-sweet they returned to bed and fell asleep in a warm tangle. Perhaps it wasn’t love that they had in common; perhaps it was only a need for escape and forgetting. But they found it. Three hours later the alarm clock sounded and Jenny left to go wait tables at H.P.’s Cafe. Travis slept dreamless, groaning and smiling when she kissed him good-bye on the forehead. When the explosions started, Travis woke up screaming. PART FOUR MONDAY The many men, so beautiful! And they all dead did lie: And a thousand slimy things Lived on; and so did I. – Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner 23 RIVERA Rivera came through the trailer door followed by two uniformed officers. Robert sat up on the couch and was immediately rolled over and handcuffed. Rivera read him his Miranda rights before he was completely awake. When Robert’s vision cleared, Rivera was sitting in a chair in front of him, holding a piece of paper in his face. â€Å"Robert, I am Detective Sergeant Alphonse Rivera.† A badge wallet flipped open in Rivera’s other hand. â€Å"This is a warrant for your and The Breeze’s arrest. There’s one here to search this trailer as well, which is what I and deputies Deforest and Perez will be doing in just a moment.† A uniformed officer appeared from the far end of the trailer. â€Å"He’s not here, Sergeant.† â€Å"Thanks,† Rivera said to the uniform. To Robert he said: â€Å"Things will go easier for you if you tell me right now where I can find The Breeze.† Robert was starting to get a foggy idea of what was going on. â€Å"So you’re not a dealer?† he asked sleepily. â€Å"You’re quick, Masterson. Where’s The Breeze?† â€Å"The Breeze didn’t have anything to do with it. He’s been gone for two days. I took the suitcase because I wanted to know who the guy was that was with my wife.† â€Å"What suitcase?† Robert nodded toward the living-room floor. The Haliburton case lay there unopened. Rivera picked it up and tried the latches. â€Å"It’s got a combination lock,† Robert said. â€Å"I couldn’t get it open.† Sheriff’s deputies were riffling through the trailer. From the back bedroom one shouted. â€Å"Rivera, we’ve got it.† â€Å"Stay here, Robert. I’ll be right back.† Rivera rose and started toward the bedroom just as Perez appeared in the kitchen holding another aluminum suitcase. â€Å"That it?† Rivera asked. Perez, a dark Hispanic who seemed too small to be a deputy, threw the suitcase on the kitchen table and opened the lid. â€Å"Jackpot,† he said. Neat square blocks of plastic-covered green weed lay in even rows across the suitcase. Robert could smell a faint odor like skunk coming from the marijuana. â€Å"I’ll get the testing kit,† Perez said. Rivera took a deep sniff and looked at Perez quizzically. â€Å"Right, it could be just lawn clippings that they weighed out in pounds.† Perez looked hurt by Rivera’s sarcasm. â€Å"But for the record?† Rivera waved him away, then returned to the couch and sat down next to Robert. â€Å"You are in deep trouble, my friend.† â€Å"You know,† Robert said, â€Å"I felt really bad about being so rude to you yesterday when you came by.† He smiled weakly. â€Å"I’ve been going through some really hard times.† â€Å"Make it up to me, Robert. Tell me where The Breeze is.† â€Å"I don’t know.† â€Å"Then you are going to eat shit for all that pot over there on the table.† â€Å"I didn’t even know it was there. I thought you guys were here about the suitcase I took. The other one.† â€Å"Robert, you and I are going to go back to the station and have a really long talk. You can tell me all about the suitcase and all the folks that The Breeze has been keeping company with.† â€Å"Sergeant Rivera, I don’t mean to be rude or anything, but I wasn’t quite awake when you were telling me the charges†¦ sir.† Rivera helped Robert to his feet and led him out of the trailer. â€Å"Possession of marijuana for sale and conspiracy to sell marijuana. Actually the conspiracy charge is the nastier of the two.† â€Å"So you didn’t even know about the suitcase I took?† â€Å"I couldn’t care less about the suitcase.† Rivera pushed Robert into the cruiser. â€Å"Watch your head.† â€Å"You should bring it along just to see who the guy was that it belonged to. Your guys in the lab can open it and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Rivera slammed the car door on Robert’s comment. He turned to Deforest, who was coming out of the trailer. â€Å"Grab that suitcase out of the living room and tag it.† â€Å"More pot, Sarge?† â€Å"I don’t think so, but the whacko seems to think it’s important.† How to cite Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 21-23, Essay examples

The consequence of perceived discrimination - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The consequence of perceived discrimination. Answer: Introduction Confined space is any place that includes any kind of vessel, container, tank, chamber, pit or any other similar kind of spaces that, by subject of its open nature, results in conditions that gives rise to accidents, injury or any other kind of harmful activities that requires emergency actions. Manuele (2013), have stated that exposure takes place more regularly when the safety procedures that are required are not cohered sufficiently. Still, they did not disagree with the fact that no matter how much careful an employee is in his workplace, he or she cannot avoid all the exposures. The National Institute of Health (NIH) has declared that the low levels of oxygen due to the confined spaces i.e. less than 19.6 percent may cause various symptoms like rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, clumsiness, suffocation, fatigue and emotional upset. In fact, due to less oxygen collapse, coma and even death may also occur. The other factors are the type and extent of injuries/exposure or injury an d whether or not the individual is previously known as infected. Many Theories and Ideas surrounding Risk and Risk Perception There are various theories and ideas on the subject of risk and risk perception. Understanding the risk and the way it is perceived is a very crucial step towards developing various programs or campaigns in order to build awareness and make the workplace or communities safer. According to Wilson et al. (2012), the National Safety Council has stated term risk is defined as the measure of severity and probability of unfavorable effects. In other words, the term risk is concerned with the calculation of how many times an incident is likely to take place and given its happening and how terrible the outcomes would be. Lundgren and McMakin (2013), has discussed that the risk perception is concerned with the ability to perceive risk and it is also linked with risk tolerance as well. With the same, it is tied to a persons capacity to tackle certain quantity of risk. Though these concepts are unique, they are linked as well. His research has suggested that in order to discourage the risk-taki ng behavior, there is a high need for programs to label both the above concept. Various research have also been done in order to explain the different factors that has an impact on a persons judgment making process for informing his succeeding actions and interactions. Wachinger et al. (2013), has elaborated his discussion on the factors affecting the risk perception and tolerance. He has categorized the factors as three levels- macro, meso and micro. Macro level refers to those factors that are institutional or structural in nature, the meso level refers to the factors that are at the community or peer level and the micro level refers to the factors that are at a persons individual level. Theories such as the Protection Motivation Theory is one of the most popular theory on the subject of risk perception. According to this theory, an individual is more likely to shield himself when he foresees negative outcomes or consequences. He then develops a desire to avoid them. It postulates that there is core relation in between the risk perception and the injuries and incidents. It also posits that people seek protective action at the time they are motivated to do so. For example, Becker, Aerts and Huitema (2014) have found that magnifying the elements of the risk appraisals, i.e. risk perception and risk perceived severity, have a collaborative positive impact on the constant changing behavior and intentions towards safety. Psychological and Sociological Theoretical Models in relation to Risk Perception Known as the Psychometric Paradigm and Cultural Theory There are two main psychological and sociological theoretical models in relation to the risk perception known as the Psychometric Paradigm and Cultural Theory as discussed by Breakwell (2014). He has identified that the Psychometric Paradigm is related to the concept that the risk perception is not an objective aspect. In fact, it is a subjective determination that is affected by a persons political, cultural, sociological and psychological backgrounds and related experiences. Psychometric paradigm works generally performs with the not differentiated perception of risk by keeping aside the specific target. According to Eriksson (2017), the non-specific ratings of risk closely resembles the general risk ratings, this, making the non-specific risk ratings more applicable for the lifestyle policy of risk than for the technology and environment policy attitudes. According to Wahlberg and Sjoberg (2012), there is a different thesis of psychometric paradigm, which states that media has a strong influence on the peoples risk perception. It has provided a justly balanced picture of the various accidents by reporting many traffic accident that quite common and they do not have disastrous consequences. Psychometric paradigm is also related to the chances of the fact that the cultural theory inhibits vital explanatory power related to the perceived risk (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). He claimed that the dimension of the cultural theory were strong determinants of the perceived risk. He investigated the relation in between the Cultural theory and the different risk judgments. Hence, they found that the there is a significant relation inn between the two. McDaniels et al. (2012), found the psychometric paradigm as a resemblance for identifying the various characteristics that influences the risk of perception among the people. Risk Perception is processed from the individuals Perspective and the influence of their broader Social Culture Cash (2012), has suggested that the risk perception is processed from the individuals Perspective and the influence of their broader Social Culture. Kahan (2012), has stated that the cultural theory is a method to describe how a person perceive the rest of the world and its successive reactions. He has proposed that the people has lack of strong social association with culture that they belong to does not feel that pressurized in order to conform. The social or peer pressures may lead to person to adopt either riskier or safer behaviors to maintain the traction within the group. Johnson, Branden and Vincent (2012), have further argued that the term risk is related to both the cultural impact on an individual and the specific context at which it is recognized. They reckon being a part of that cultural group and this is an important factor in the risk perception as well as the risk communication, which can influence the later responses. Furthermore, according to the Schmitt (2014), per ception could be applied to the groups and the individuals as well. This also suggests that the people could form various opinions regarding the perceived risk depending on the thing that they are told by the others. In case a respected member of the society or a group is perceived for having more knowledge and experiences of risks and if he considers it as safe, it is more certain that it will be believed by the other members. For example, in a workplace when a manger informs his entire employee that a particular process is safe, it is likely to be accepted by every employees and no one will question to it. Hence, it can be said that the social framing of the risk is considered to be connected to the culture, background and the training. Cultural Theory as having its origins in Sociology Swartz (2012), have discussed that the cultural theory has its origin in sociology. They have analyzed and concluded that people never remain constant within any one culture throughout their life. They keep on moving in between various existing cultures based on what characteristic of their life it is concerning to. For example, work, peer, groups or religions are the main aspects of an individuals life. With the same, they have suggested that the cultural theory is linked with different influences based on the risk perception with both social learning and conforming to the social rules or norms. Along with that Cherry (2012) have explored that the social learning theory has its foundations in the ideology of traditional learning. Shapiro and Stefkovich (2016) have also ground their concept of ethical leadership in the Social Learning Theory. The theory suggests that individuals could learn the quality of proper behavior by seeing and their role model. They have further analyzed that the social learning theory is dependent on the concept that a person notices what others are doing and they copy them. This can also be concerned to as observation and imitation. They have used this to describe how the changes in the society are influenced. He have further elaborated their studies on the original theory by outlining the various roles of the models existing the society where the individuals get to learn secondary from others experiences. The informational social learning is referred to where an individual copy others when they are unsure about how to answer in a particular situation. There are various factors, which could lead an individual to obey and they are reliability of the role models, perceived relevance and perceived reward for a specific behavior. Risk Perceptions of Workers Deaths and occupational illness due to chemical tank cleaners, open sewage and dirty bathrooms are widely unknown because of lack of sufficient monitoring in the workplace. Rowlinson and Jia (2015), have explored that the risk perception of workers to exposure to confined space activity and the factors that have influenced whether or not they have reported the matter or incident. They have further proposed that the fear of constricting blood borne viruses are not always directly correlated with which the virus is considered as the one that is most infectious. It is further postulated that the virus that causes the major damage and greatest concern is the virus that is least known to the people. Certain Risks cause heightened Reactions According to Bubeck (2012), one of the most influencing factors concerning the risk perception is the fear of dread. They have discussed the various reasons behind why certain risk causes heightened reactions and further describes the effect of the involuntary injuries or exposures as one among them. They have also discussed the effects of both voluntary and involuntary injuries to the risk. The literature further suggests that they depends on whether or not a person has perceived mastery over risk and its possible consequences. People who get engaged in some risky behaviors must not be seen as an exceptional risk takers in case that activity is viewed as a daily routine within any particular social group. However, those people who takes risk of standing against the norms of the society (social norms) are considered as ineffective decision makers and insensible. Bubeck has identified the individual risk taking behaviors as positive if he or she is engaged in some kind of thrill seeki ng actions. Burlet-Vienney et al., (2015), have stated that the confined spaces are challenged with various eventuality hazardous conditions. Exposure to confined space can have serious implications on a persons health, his family and ultimately his career may too get effected. Such dangers arise in the workplace due to lack of oxygen, dust, left out residues that has the potential to give off fume, gas or vapor, poisonous gases or fumes, fire and explosions etc. The primary symptoms of deficiency of oxygen are increase in breathing rat and acceleration in heartbeat. The NIOSH or National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has declared that when the level of oxygen in the air decreased more than 6 percent, death will occur within a minute. It is safe if the oxygen level is in the range between 19 to 21 percent. The confined space activities also involves the use of isocyanides that are present in the telecommunication splicing/plugging components. The most commonly used compounds are t hat of isocyanides like methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate and toluene diisocyanate. Inhalation to such products results in abdominal pain, nausea, breathing problems and vomiting. In addition, it may also cause serious allergic reactions, which could result in death as well. Cognitive Dissonance Theory The Cognitive Dissonance Theory was developed by Festinger (Perlovsky 2013). According to this theory, an individuals behavior could have a carriage on their beliefs and attitudes. Festinger has described that cognitive dissonance takes place during the time when an individual indentifies an internal conflict or issues in between the way they act and their attitudes and beliefs. There are various impact of cognitive dissonance. They are based on the different values, which a person place on his attitudes and beliefs, as well as his thought that whether or not he is powerful enough, or has the potential to cause discomfort, in order to bring a change in their behavior so that they can help in balancing the inconsistencies that they have experienced. Tones, Robinson and Tilford (2013), have identified that the comprehended risk and effectiveness of not following the treatment and the involvement that influences the health disorders in an individual and their outcomes as well. Several Behavioral Theories applied when looking at beliefs or behaviors in Risk Perception According to Montano and Kasprzyk (2015), there are several behavioral theories that are often applied when looking at the behaviors or risks in the risk perception and that includes the theory or concept of reasoned action as well as that of planned behavior. Earlier, the theory of reasoned action was depending on the intended voluntary behavior that was based on the persons beliefs, attitudes and control. With the passage of tie, this has progressed towards the theory of planned behavior, which is related to the predicted behaviors that proposes- greater the discern control and positive beliefs or beliefs, greater are the possibility of carrying out behavior. Furthermore, he has suggested that the theory of planned behavior is referred to the beliefs of an individual are due to a wide range of likelihood determinants, like, their age, sex, financial and educational status as well as media influence. Information and knowledge receive today in media and risk perception may become distorted as a result of certain issues being highlighted In current days, with the development of technologies, maximum information, ideas and knowledge that we gain is mainly through the media and risk perception may become distorted as a result of certain issues being highlighted. Kasperson has discussed the fact that how random broadcasting of news stories and images regarding an event may affect the risk and the manner it is perceived. Kasperson (2012) was the first to develop the ideas about the social increase of the risk. The framework that he has described is been used to determine the ways in which communication of risk could be increased as well as how to decrease the information that is received. This as a result influences the outcomes of risk perceptions. However, the social increase of risk perception should not be regarded as static. In order to describe how its consequences ad effects has the potential to reach beyond the former event, the term ripple effect must be used. Management health beliefs played an intergral part in Risk Perception It has been examined by Begg (2013), that the management health beliefs plays an integral part in the risk perception. It has been found that the senior authorities in the work place, who experienced such occupational health risk, are more likely to notify the other members than the junior staffs. He has described that people tends to discuss openly about their health issues that are related to their occupational activities. The history of earlier injuries or exposures are one of the vital factors while determining about the main motivation behind reporting the same to the management team in the workplace. There are times when employees seek vacations and they tend to neglect their official works. They simply present health excuses in order to get leaves. If the management did not agree with their reason behind their requirement of leaves, they generally do not provide any of it. In this case, if the management team too believes the fact that exposure to confined spaces do harm the e mployee, they cooperates with them and with the same, take proper measures to decrease the risk levels to a high extent. Conclusion Hence, from the above discussion it is clear that there are various risks concerning the confined spaces in the workplace about which an individual must be well aware. The above report is widely elaborated on the risks factors, theories on risk and risk perceptions, the psychological and sociological theoretical models related to risk perception and social culture, and the famous cultural theory and is origin. It has helped reduce the frequency of accidental exposures due to confined space in the workplace that are though often predictable but are highly avoided by many. It will motivate the people to adopt more healthy behaviors to minimize the risk of exposure due to confined space and increase the concession in seeking intervention during the occurrence of exposures. References Becker, G., Aerts, J.C.J.H. and Huitema, D., 2014. Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk?reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the Rhine.Journal of Flood Risk Management,7(1), pp.16-30. Begg, C., 2013. The risk perception paradoximplications for governance and communication of natural hazards.Risk analysis,33(6), pp.1049-1065. 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